SkyShine, Brehmsstrahlung, Gamma Haze From Gamma Radiation; Example Of It At Fukushima Daichi

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SkyShine, Brehmsstrahlung, Gamma Haze From Gamma Radiation; Example Of It At Fukushima Daichi

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What is skyshine, brehmstrahalung, gamma haze or xray radiation that comes from ionizing radiation sources? The following article defines these terms, and then describes skyshine in various ways, including the negative health consequences. 

WHAT IS SKYSHINE? 


Scattered radiation of a primary gamma radiation source generated by aerial dispersion.

SKYSHINE PRESENTATION


Skyshine presentation
https://www.aapm.org/meetings/07SS/documents/SKYSHINEANDADJACENTSTRUCTURES.pdf

LIST OF STUDIES RELATED TO SKYSHIINE



SKYSHINE AROUND FUKUSHIMA DAICHI NUCLEAR DISASTER SITE

New Images Reveal Nuclear Fuel Rack Exposed to Air from Fairewinds Energy Education on Vimeo.
Arnie Gunderson describes skyshine or gamma haze from spent fuel pool #4 in this short video



http://youtu.be/qjoUmeRRIMc

Radiation levels near some of the storage tanks holding contaminated water at the crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan have increased by a factor of 18, a spokesman for plant's operator said on Sunday. The Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) had originally said that radiation emitted by contaminated water leaking from storage tanks was around 100 millisieverts an hour. The new measurements, using better equipment, showed radiation levels of 1,800 millisieverts an hour - a level that could kill an exposed person in four hours.
Source; http://youtu.be/qjoUmeRRIMc

Bottom line, wouldn't you agree that the gamma haze brehmsstrahlung is so strong around the tanks that no one can inspect them even ONE time and live to tell about it? How will any human being get close enough to inspect for small leaks or check valve operation on thousands of tanks, without getting a lethal dose of gamma radiation? This is more than likely the REAL reason why TEPCO stopped inspecting the tanks. It is a death sentence to walk about the tanks all day long, day after day. It would be very interesting to see what happened to the people who were assigned to inspect these tanks, before TEPCO cancelled that operation. 

Maybe this is also why there is nobody walking around outside anymore around the Fukushima site?

GUNDERSON: THE ENTIRE FUKUSHIMA SITE HAS A GAMMA RADIATION HAZE OVER IT DUE TO TANK FARM


Gundersen: New development at Fukushima, “Essentially entire plant has a gamma ray haze over it… a haze of radioactive particles” — Tepco: It’s impossible to stop, using more shielding won’t help (AUDIO)

Gamma radiation goes a LONG ways. It is not limited to just the immediate few feet away from the tanks. Gamma radiation can travel for many miles and still be lethal. Gamma radiation can go through walls and cars. The radiation from these tanks bounces up into the air and then comes back down to the ground in a theoretical area that includes not just the plant, but many miles around it. 


Tepco Press Conference with summary translation by Fukushima Diary, Jan. 10, 2014: There is no way to shield Bremsstrahlung from contaminated water tanks, Tepco stated [...] shielded by water and the tank material, it turns into Bremsstrahlung. [...] it is technically impossible to shield each tank. Even if they put the shielding material inside of the tanks, it also causes Bremsstrahlung. [...]

"SkyShine is derived from a nuclear reaction, where outbound ionizing radiation comes from the atmosphere to the earth's surface, coming back reflected and scattered from the original gamma ray emitting source on the ground."
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyshine

SykeWar January 16, 2014  "zogerke: (correct me if I'm wrong) basically what's happening is radioactive material in the water stored in the tanks is emitting beta particles (electrons) and interacting with the tanks creating the phenomenon BREMSSTRAHLUNG; essentially xrays. So all the tank farms there are one big giant xray machine. There's so much xray emission that it's creating what appears as a haze."

SPENT FUEL POOLS EMIT INTENSE SKYSHINE WHEN INSULATING WATER COVER IS LOST


Because multiple spent fuel pools at Fukushima lost their insulating water covers, intense skyshine radiation was the result, because a regular building will not shield from this type of radiation. 



Nuclear Expert: Everybody is now paying attention to Unit 4 because we have four years to go before fuel removed — If water lost, a beacon of radiation will bathe site in ‘sky shine’ from gamma rays 
http://enenews.com/nuclear-expert-everybody-paying-attention-unit-4-because-four-years-water-lost-beacon-radiation-will-bathe-site-sky-shine-gamma-rays-audio

SKYSHINE FROM MEDICAL RADIATION TREATMENT ROOMS

Radiation scattered by the atmosphere near medical accelerators may create a radiological health hazard. 

Radiation skyshine from a 6 MeV medical accelerator
www.jacmp.org/index.php/jacmp/article/download/3032/1906


SKYSHINE RADIATION RESULTING FROM
6 MV AND 10 MV PHOTON BEAMS FROM A MEDICAL ACCELERATOR 
https://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/erhs/Health%20Physics/D_Elder_Thesis.pdf

Shaker1 January 18, 2014 "The mechanism of generation is certainly interesting. The basic information I find is from an artifically induced force, controlled application of energy to the target material sometimes in conjunction with 'filter' materials to be able to choose the energy spectrums of emission. Seems here there is an uncontrolled source of energy, especially in the form of beta emission from Sr90.

Shaker1 January 18, 2014 "Bremsstrahlung radiation produced by a β-particle is a two edged sword, first because it is not especially useful for therapeutic purposes because of its low ionization potential; secondly, bremsstrahlung produced by a beta electron is more harmful to the technologist than the beta particle that produces it, because of the penetrability of an electromagnetic ray. For beta particles the amount of bremsstrahlung increases as the density (high Z number) of the material through which it passes increases."

What is truly interesting to me is the last sentence. I've worked with tantalum for medical equipment where the parts were used as 'masks' and collimeters. I would guess that this was for x-rays that were already filtered. Also from that citation:

"It is for this reason that shielding is an important consideration when using beta emitters. Plastic or Lucite are effective shielding materials for a beta emitter since these materials have a low Z number and therefore produce less bremsstrahlung than lead shielding."

Weeman, there is a graphic in the link that I provided. Here's another that also has a graphic. It's information is in regard to x-ray tubes. That may also be of some use. I believe that site, in explaining the filter material mentioned, also gives a good explanation of the energy sprectra expected from materials, though not specifically steel, just materials used in x-ray production.

The reason that I mentioned tantalum is that is just next to tungsten, a common target material in generation of the x-rays, in the periodic table. One has to remember, too, that we're talking about beta particles (electrons), not neutrons, and that gamma are photons."


WHAT IS A SAFE DISTANCE FROM FUKUSHIMA RADIATION PRODUCED GAMMA RAYS AND SKYSHINE? 


Via aoter "The whole idea of "safe distance" is useless in a situation like this. Instead, there are going to be areas that are safe, areas that are hazardous, and areas that are flat out toxic. 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chernobyl_radiation_map_1996.svg

And it's going to be more or less random, depending on what comes out when, and which way the wind is blowing at the time. As you can see from the map of the Chernobyl region, there are places that are twenty miles away that are relatively safe, and places 150 miles away that are as hot as Pripyat. It's all random.
In other words, gamma radiation coming from hot particles can be dangerous just about anywhere, all the way down to Tokyo Japan, or in large areas of Russia, or in a large area around TMI, just to name a few examples. Going to visit a nuclear bomb test site can involve risk, for the same reason. It only takes one hot particle to cause cancer, after a latency period where the hot particle initiates the cancer of course.

Distance Of Skyshine From Operating Nuclear Reactor Turbine Building Study
http://www.esi.nagoya-u.ac.jp/h/isets07/Contents/Session08/1254Nemezawa.pdf

EXTREME GAMMA RAY PULSE IS POSSIBLE DUE TO TANKS GATHERED IN ONE SPOT, MAY AFFECT 50% OF GLOBE

Via Paulie777 January 17, 2014 "The problem with the water tanks is the system, which is an array, and one big haze is that it is dispersing in the tanks at one rate, and the gamma rays are removed at a different rate. These gamma rays are not generic, they have a wide range of energies. In contrast to a nuclear reaction where neutrons go into a system, this is energies leaving the system. This is not an adiabatic system, counterintuitively, this system is increasing in power and there is no way to get feedback on this from any iterative numeric results as this system is too slow to register quantitatively. I cannot predict what is going to happen, but it may be bad, really bad. Perhaps an instantaneous powerful pulse of energy that travels halfway around the globe. This gamma ray field already extends farther out than one may think, much farther. This is an effect of the poor formality of the way they are handling this across the board, poor rigorous methods, and poor staffing. (The homeless)? This is the biggest problem there."

Paulie777 January 18, 2014  "Yes, the bremsstrahlung radiation is being emitted from the water tanks and this is a terrible thing in itself, but with the array of circular metal tanks viewed as a whole system, something sinister is happening in that there is a slight increase in energy as a whole happening within these seemingly innocuous array of canisters. Theoretically this stored energy could go supercritical (not in a nuclear reactor sense but a nuclear sense) and it would take on stray particle or even a neutron to set of an array wide release of energy in an extremely high order of magnitude all within a .00001 to .00000001 second, a high energy gamma pulse. No one would even know until the people of Japan and perhaps even China and vicinity all develop sunburns but these are very bad to deadly sunburns. Then the system in a steady state would slowly start the process all over again. Most of the research on nuclear disasters focus on the first minute or two of the disaster, but this needs to be looked at as well.

Paulie777 January 19, 2014 "Terrestrial gamma rays are caused by a relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA's) and that is what is happening here. There is only one thing that causes natural bremsstrahlung and that is lightning. Similarly processes are occurring in this water tank array and eventually will send off a major pulse. You may think water tanks are innocuous but that is how they gathered the plutonium together in the early days albeit by help of whirlpools. And a seemingly random contents arrayed in configuration can be set off given a strong feedback event.


What TEPCO and the nuclear experts are planning is to dump all of the water in the tanks into the ocean. That would solve this problem, but cause another much larger one. The IAEA has suggested this ocean dumping of nuclear waste and said it is a good idea. Secretly, this is probably already happening, as the number of tanks has not increased beyond the initial 1,000 or so, and we are now down the road 4 years. There should be 4,000 tanks now, not just the 1,000 that were built and filled in the first year.

As the number of tanks increases, the risk increases. The number of tanks on site already presents the potential risk of creating a super gamma pulse that may affect up to 50% of the globe, through the skyshine effect. 

Scientists should be studying this, and reporting on it. But like anything else around the nuclear industry, this subject is taboo, not talked about, and it is not discussed in the media. For more about the reasons why, click on the following link; 

Art And Science Of Deception; Global Corporations And The 1%, Whistleblowers, And Solutions
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/p/corporations-art-and-science-of.html

LINKS TO NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS FROM BETA AND GAMMA RADIATION

Children And Adults - Negative Effects Of Chronic, Cumulative Man Made Radiation Exposure
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/p/low-dose-radiation-dangers-for-children.html

Negative Effects Of Internal Radiation Exposure, Risk Models, Hormesis, Radiophobia, Radiation Monitoring Networks
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/p/effects-of-internal-low-level-nuclear.html

93 Long Life Radioactive Elements/Isotopes, A Problem For Billions Of Years; via @AGreenRoad
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2012/03/93-long-lived-nuclear-elements.html

1,946 Lethal Radioactive Man Made Isotopes Are Created By Nuclear Plants And Atomic Bombs; via @AGreenRoad
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2013/10/1946-lethal-radioactive-man-made.html

Alpha Particles, Beta Particles and Gamma Radiation Explained
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/08/alpha-particles-beta-particles-and.html

Beta Radiation Burns In Animals, Plants And Humans, From Medical Radiation, Nuclear Bombs, Nuclear Accidents, And More
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/08/beta-radiation-burns-in-animals-and.html

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SUMMARY

The out of control emergency at Fukushima has only gotten worse with time since 3/11. The site is more toxic and radioactive now than it was back in 2011, largely due to the out of control corium fires from multiple reactors interacting with groundwater, and then flowing out into the ocean. Radiation levels have been rising steadily since 2011. Click on links below to find out more details...

End

SkyShine, Brehmsstrahlung, Gamma Haze From Gamma Radiation; Example Of It At Fukushima Daichi
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/12/skyshine-brehmsstrahlung-gamma-haze.html

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