What is desertification, how is it defined?
It can take 500 years to create a few centimeters of topsoil, but only a few years to destroy it. Desertification is not a natural process. A third of all land in the world is threatened by desertification.
Turning deserts into farms can destroy soil. The use of chemical fertilizers, plowing, over grazing, deforestation, poorly managed irrigation systems and more, may all increase salinity and make soil unable to grow anything. Climate change worsens these issues. 12 million hectares of land are lost each year, in all latitudes and 110 countries, due to desertification. We cannot afford to lose even one acre, much less 12 million hectares, with a growing global population and increased losses due to climate changes that are happening.
Soil loss and soil exhaustion reduces the capacity of farms to produce enough food to support the worlds' population.
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Global warming is causing and accelerating desertification. As the temperature increases, large areas suffer from more extreme and longer droughts, food insecurity, groundwater levels dropping in the soil, rainfall becoming more and more rare.
Deforestation is one of the primary causes of desertification. Loss of trees affects local climate in a negative way. Trees increase humidity and trap moisture, plus hold soil and create more soil through humus building. The loss of trees causes the opposite to happen.
Nomads living on the edge of the Sahara desert in Africa are having a harder and harder time finding water. It used to be easy to find water, now it is very hard. They have to dig 12 wells to find water now, where it used to take only one.
In Portugal as well as many other countries, desertification can be caused by lack of support for small, sustainable organic farmers who care about every square foot of their land. Young people are moving to the larger city to find jobs and make a living.
As people move to the city, the village small farm foundation that supports the large cities with fresh, organic and wholesome healthy food collapses. Lack of support from the large city dwellers and government in turn causes the collapse of the small organic farming community, made up of small, rural villages.
Cities become larger and more crowded, while small villages are chocked to death by lack of financial and human energy support and jobs. Due to climate change caused by large, unsustainable cities and their reliance on huge unsustainable agribusiness, the process of global warming accelerates the negative tipping points, because huge agribusiness is much less able to survive the larger and larger climatic changes that are happening, and less sustainable in their operations, when compared to small organic farmers living in a supportive village setting.
Farms that rely on irrigation eventually have to deal with salinity increase in the soil. Salts build up to the point where the farm soil cannot grow any food. This is a global problem.
End
2014 - Global Desertification Report
http://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/06/2014-global-desertification-report.html
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