Thorium Negative Human Health Effects, Peer Reviewed Studies via Toxnet
http://youtu.be/DVyP_uWnzWo
Evidence for Carcinogenicity:
"There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of mixed alpha-particle emitters (radium-224, radium-226, thorium-227, thorium-228, thorium-230, thorium-232, neptunium-237, plutonium-238, plutonium-239 (together with plutonium- 240), americium-241, curium-244, californium-249 and californium-252). /Radium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Californium/
[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. V78 478 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Internalized radionuclides that emit alpha-particles are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). In making this overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration the following: Alpha-particles emitted by radionuclides, irrespective of their source, produce the same pattern of secondary ionizations and the same pattern of localized damage to biological molecules, including DNA. These effects, observed in vitro, include DNA doublestrand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations and cell transformation.
All radionuclides that emit alpha-particles and that have been adequately studied, including radon-222 and its decay products, have been shown to cause cancer in humans and in experimental animals. Alpha-particles emitted by radionuclides, irrespective of their source, have been shown to cause chromosomal aberrations in circulating lymphocytes and gene mutations in humans in vivo. The evidence from studies in humans and experimental animals suggests that similar doses to the same tissues - for example lung cells or bone surfaces - from alpha- particles emitted during the decay of different radionuclides produce the same types of non-neoplastic effects and cancers. /Internalized alpha-emitters/
[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. V78 478 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Medical Surveillance:
Hematologic evaluation. Urine levels. /From table/
[Fuscaldo, A., B. J. Erlick, and B. Hindman. (eds.). Laboratory Safety-Theory and Practice. New York: Academic Press, 1980., p. 267] **PEER REVIEWED**
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
Industrial exposures to thorium occur during the refining of monazite sand, the handling of various thorium salts, the fabrication of thorium ingots, the handling thorium salts in various industrial uses, the casting and machining of thorium alloy parts, and the production of glazed tiles. In addition, there is potential for exposure through fumes from welding with thoriated-tungsten electrodes and from fires and explosions caused by thorium metal powder. ... Measurement of the radioactive gas, thoron (220Rn), a daughter product of Th, in exhaled air provides another measure of past thorium exposure.
[McDiarmid MA, Squibb KS; Patty's Toxicology. (2007). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Uranium and Thorium. On-line posting date: Apr 16, 2001.] **PEER REVIEWED**
PRINCIPAL HAZARDS FROM THORIUM IN INDUSTRY ARE INHALATION OF THORIUM DUST OF THORON GAS ITS DECAY PRODUCTS, EXPOSURE TO EXTERNAL BETA GAMMA RADIATION. INHALATION HAZARD IS GREATEST IN DUSTY OPERATIONS SUCH AS GRINDING OF METALS, CERAMICS, HANDLING OF THORIUM POWDER, & CONTAMINATION FROM THORIUM FIRES.
[Hamilton, A., and H. L. Hardy. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. Acton, Mass.: Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 1974., p. 398] **PEER REVIEWED**
Body Burden:
273 men exposed to thorium and other rare earths between 1940 and 1973 at a monazite sand refinery were studied at Argonne National Laboratory from 1976 to 1980. In vivo measurements of body burden were made by counting gamma rays emitted by daughter products of retained thorium and by measuring exhaled thoron. Health status was ascertained through questionnaire, physical exam, and clinical lab tests. Measured body burden was found to be higher in those with a history of longer exposure. All parameters of the complete blood count were examined for evidence of an effect due to thorium. Comparisons of high and low body burden groups showed that only age and cigarette smoking had an effect on complete blood count parameters.
[Conibear SA; Health Phys 44 Suppl 1: 231-7 (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED** PubMed Abstract http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+7440-29-1
What does all of this mean? Keep it simple... What Dr. Caldicott MD says about internal radiation effects is just as true for thorium, as it is for cesium strontium or any other radioactive element, natural or man made.
http://youtu.be/SdFgTrF2P5k
http://youtu.be/DVyP_uWnzWo
Thorium Negative Human Health Effect Studies via Toxnet
Evidence for Carcinogenicity:
"There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of mixed alpha-particle emitters (radium-224, radium-226, thorium-227, thorium-228, thorium-230, thorium-232, neptunium-237, plutonium-238, plutonium-239 (together with plutonium- 240), americium-241, curium-244, californium-249 and californium-252). /Radium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Californium/
[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. V78 478 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Internalized radionuclides that emit alpha-particles are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). In making this overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration the following: Alpha-particles emitted by radionuclides, irrespective of their source, produce the same pattern of secondary ionizations and the same pattern of localized damage to biological molecules, including DNA. These effects, observed in vitro, include DNA doublestrand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations and cell transformation.
All radionuclides that emit alpha-particles and that have been adequately studied, including radon-222 and its decay products, have been shown to cause cancer in humans and in experimental animals. Alpha-particles emitted by radionuclides, irrespective of their source, have been shown to cause chromosomal aberrations in circulating lymphocytes and gene mutations in humans in vivo. The evidence from studies in humans and experimental animals suggests that similar doses to the same tissues - for example lung cells or bone surfaces - from alpha- particles emitted during the decay of different radionuclides produce the same types of non-neoplastic effects and cancers. /Internalized alpha-emitters/
[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work)., p. V78 478 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Medical Surveillance:
Hematologic evaluation. Urine levels. /From table/
[Fuscaldo, A., B. J. Erlick, and B. Hindman. (eds.). Laboratory Safety-Theory and Practice. New York: Academic Press, 1980., p. 267] **PEER REVIEWED**
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
Industrial exposures to thorium occur during the refining of monazite sand, the handling of various thorium salts, the fabrication of thorium ingots, the handling thorium salts in various industrial uses, the casting and machining of thorium alloy parts, and the production of glazed tiles. In addition, there is potential for exposure through fumes from welding with thoriated-tungsten electrodes and from fires and explosions caused by thorium metal powder. ... Measurement of the radioactive gas, thoron (220Rn), a daughter product of Th, in exhaled air provides another measure of past thorium exposure.
[McDiarmid MA, Squibb KS; Patty's Toxicology. (2007). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Uranium and Thorium. On-line posting date: Apr 16, 2001.] **PEER REVIEWED**
PRINCIPAL HAZARDS FROM THORIUM IN INDUSTRY ARE INHALATION OF THORIUM DUST OF THORON GAS ITS DECAY PRODUCTS, EXPOSURE TO EXTERNAL BETA GAMMA RADIATION. INHALATION HAZARD IS GREATEST IN DUSTY OPERATIONS SUCH AS GRINDING OF METALS, CERAMICS, HANDLING OF THORIUM POWDER, & CONTAMINATION FROM THORIUM FIRES.
[Hamilton, A., and H. L. Hardy. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. Acton, Mass.: Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 1974., p. 398] **PEER REVIEWED**
Body Burden:
273 men exposed to thorium and other rare earths between 1940 and 1973 at a monazite sand refinery were studied at Argonne National Laboratory from 1976 to 1980. In vivo measurements of body burden were made by counting gamma rays emitted by daughter products of retained thorium and by measuring exhaled thoron. Health status was ascertained through questionnaire, physical exam, and clinical lab tests. Measured body burden was found to be higher in those with a history of longer exposure. All parameters of the complete blood count were examined for evidence of an effect due to thorium. Comparisons of high and low body burden groups showed that only age and cigarette smoking had an effect on complete blood count parameters.
[Conibear SA; Health Phys 44 Suppl 1: 231-7 (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED** PubMed Abstract http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+7440-29-1
What does all of this mean? Keep it simple... What Dr. Caldicott MD says about internal radiation effects is just as true for thorium, as it is for cesium strontium or any other radioactive element, natural or man made.
http://youtu.be/SdFgTrF2P5k
As Dr. Steven Wing says; "NO DOSE of radiation is safe".
Bottom line take away is that high radiation readings from thorium sands or camera lenses or anything else should be treated the same was any other radiation source; avoid it if it is over 100 CPM. Keep it simple and stay safe out there, particularly for the kids, who are 200 to 2,000,000 times more sensitive to the same radiation dose as a healthy adult male, depending on age (young child to fetus).
End
Thorium Negative Human Health Effects, Peer Reviewed Studies via Toxnethttp://agreenroad.blogspot.com/2014/01/10000-cpm-radiation-from-camera-lens.html
More articles;
Dr. Caldicott MD; Radioactive Thorium Dangers, Half Life, Health Hazards; via A Green Road
Thorium And Uranium Proven Highly Effective At Breaking DNA Strands - Cause Cancer, Birth Defects, Still Births, Etc; via @AGreenRoad
Thorium Rich Sand; Monazite - Studies Show It Increases Congenital Mutuation, Downs Syndrome, And Changes Sex Ratios; via @AGreenRoad
Thorium Nuclear Bomb Proliferation Risks; via @AGreenRoad
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"Do not go where the freeway may lead - Go instead where there is no path and leave A Green Road for others to follow."
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Holistic Living And Green Energy
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Exploring the Inner and Outer Mysteries of Life
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Exploring the Inner and Outer Mysteries of Life
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Global Corporations And The 1%; Art And Science Of Deception
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